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How is it that a "full moon" is observable?
For an Earthly observer to be able to see 100% of the illuminated surface of the Moon at any given time, it should be required that the Sun be directly behind them from their position. In which case the Moon will be in the shadow of the Earth.
Is it that we are only ever able to truly view 99% of this illuminated area, but that we simply say that it is "full"?
Or is there a variable I have failed to consider?
Thanks for your time.
You are right that for the moon to be 100% full, it would have to be directly opposite the sun, which only happens during a lunar eclipse.
Most of the time, the moon passes north or south of the Earth's shadow because of the inclination of the orbits. However, it is "close enough" for the moon to appear full.
The specific time of the full moon is that where its east-west position is exactly opposite that of the sun, even though it might be a few degrees north or south of the Earth's shadow.
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